Ball space

Brouwer’s fixed point theorem

Let 𝑓 :𝔹𝑛 →𝔹𝑛 be a continuous function. Then 𝑓 has a fixed point, i.e. there exists π‘₯ βˆˆπ”Ήπ‘› such that 𝑓(π‘₯) =π‘₯. topology

Corollaries

The retraction theorem for an (𝑛 +1)-ball is equivalent to Brouwer’s theorem for an 𝑛 +1-ball, which states

There exists no continuous retraction π‘Ÿ :𝔹𝑛+1 β†’π•Šπ‘›, i.e. no continuous π‘Ÿ such that π‘Ÿπœ„ =idπ•Šπ‘›.


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