Old Icelandic phonology
Inventory
Vowels
From @schultePhonologicalDevelopmentsOld2017 and Wikipedia
| graph | OWN | 13/14 Jh. | ModIce |
|---|---|---|---|
| ‹a› | a | ‹a› a | |
| ‹á› | aː | ɔː > cw | ‹á› auː |
| ‹e› | ɛ | ‹e› ɛ | |
| ‹é› | eː | ‹é› jɛː | |
| ‹i› | ɪ | ‹i› ɪ | |
| ‹í› | iː | ‹í› iː | |
| ‹o› | o | ‹o› ɔ | |
| ‹ó› | oː | ‹ó› oː | |
| ‹u› | ʊ | ‹u› ʏ | |
| ‹ú› | uː | ‹ú› uː | |
| ‹y› | ʏ | ‹y› ɪ | |
| ‹ý› | yː | ‹ý› iː | |
| ‹ǫ› | ɔ | ‹ö› œ | |
| ‹ǫ́› | ɔː | ɔː > cw | ‹á› auː |
| ‹ø› | ø | ‹ö› œ | |
| ‹ǿ› | øː | æː | ‹æ› ai |
| ‹œ› | ‹æ› ai | ||
| ‹æ› | ‹æ› ai | ||
| ‹au› | ‹au› œy | ||
| ‹ei› | ‹ei› eiː | ||
| ‹ey› | ‹ey› eiː |
Consonts
| graph | 13/14 Jh. | ModIce |
|---|---|---|
| ‹ll› | ‹ll› tɬ | |
| ‹nn› | ‹nn› tn̥ | |
| ‹rl› | tɬ | ‹rl› rtɬ |
| ‹rn› | tn̥ | ‹rn› rtn̥ |
| ‹hC› | ‹hC› C̥ | |
| ‹hv› | ‹hv› xv | |
| ‹r› | ‹r› r | |
| ‹s› | ‹s› s | |
| ‹v› | ‹v› v |
Rules
- geminate plosive preäspiration
PP -> ʰP - f-voicing
f -> v / {_[+voice] [+voice]_} - g-frication
g -> ɣ / {[+syll]_[+syll] _[-voice]} - v-approximation
v -> ʋ / [+syll]_[+syll] - OIcel u-umlaut
a -> ǫ / _Cu {n l s}r# -> {n l s}r#
General
The following rules were fully active in some form.
- OIcel u-umlaut
- OIcel progressive consonant assimilation
- OIcel regressive consonant assimilation
- OIcel consonant shortening
- OIcel consonant lengthening
- OIcel contraction
- OIcel j-deletion
- OIcel v-deletion
- OIcel consonant deletion