OIcel n-stems
OIcel inherits PGmc n-stems with the following paradigm
| №case | masc. -an | neut. -n | fem. -ōn | fem. -īn |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sg.nom | han-i | hjart-a | sag-a | ell-i |
| sg.gen | han-a | hjart-a | sǫg-u | ell-i |
| sg.dat | han-a | hjart-a | sǫg-u | ell-i |
| sg.acc | han-a | hjart-a | sǫg-u | ell-i |
| pl.nom | han-ar | hjǫrt-u | sǫg-ur | n.a. |
| pl.gen | han-a | hjart-n-a | sag-n-a | n.a. |
| pl.dat | hǫn-um | hjǫrt-um | sǫg-um | n.a. |
| pl.acc | han-a | hjǫrt-u | sǫg-ur | n.a. |
| = de | der Hahn | das Herz | die Saga | das hohes Alter |
where u-umlaut is visible. As in PGmc, the īn-stems are a special class of abstract nouns.
Subclasses
Masculine
Stems originally ending in -jan exhibit OIcel j-insertion.
| case | masc.sg. | masc.pl. |
|---|---|---|
| nom | skyt-i | skyt-j-ar |
| gen | skyt-j-a | skyt-j-a |
| dat | skyt–j-a | skyt-j-um |
| acc | skyt-j-a | skyt-j-a |
Similarly stems originalluy ending in -wan exhibit OIcel v-insertion.
| case | masc.sg. | masc.pl. |
|---|---|---|
| nom | vǫð-v-i | vǫð-v-ar |
| gen | vǫð-v-a | vǫð-v-a |
| dat | vǫð-v-a | vǫðum |
| acc | vǫð-v-a | vǫð-v-a |
Feminine
Stems originally ending in -jōn do not surface the -n- in pl.gen and undergo OIcel j-insertion.
| case | fem.sg. | fem.pl. |
|---|---|---|
| nom | smið-j-a | smið-j-u |
| gen | smið-j-u | smið-j-a |
| dat | smið-j-u | smið-j-um |
| acc | smið-j-u | smið-j-ur |
Stems originally ending in -wōn undergo OIcel v-insertion.
| case | fem.sg. | fem.pl. |
|---|---|---|
| nom | vǫl-v-a | vǫl-u |
| gen | vǫl-u | n.a. |
| dat | vǫl-u | vǫl-um |
| acc | vǫl-u | vǫl-ur |
Finally as noted above, a special class of abstract nouns originally ending in -īn exhibit the following paradigm
| case | fem.sg. |
|---|---|
| nom | ell-i |
| gen | ell-i |
| dat | ell-i |
| acc | ell-i |